Launch of the Chinese Jaguar-Land Rover plant
 
The Chinese Jaguar-Land Rover plant, located in Changshu, began operations on the 21 October 2014. It will initially produce the Land Rover Evoque, and in 2015 the Land Rover Discovery Sport will also be manufactured in the Chinese plant, this model whose production has just started in the UK is manufactured in the Halewood plant (replacing the Freelander). The volume of production of these two models in China could reach 50 000 units each, a volume which will be deducted from current British production.

Let us recall that the new plant in Changshu is owned in equal shares by the British manufacturer and its local partner, the Chinese carmaker Chery (known in Europe for its Qoros brand ).

In 2016, a third model will be added to the Changshu plant, this one will be a Jaguar model, likely the XF sedan (30 000 targeted units per year). The XE should also be manufactured on site later on.

China has become the largest market for Jaguar Land Rover, in front of Britain, traditionally its main market. The manufacturer has sold 95 237 vehicles in China in 2013 against 70 909 in the UK (131 662 in Europe) and 66 962 in the US. It expects a 20% increase in sales in the Chinese market in 2014, reaching 115 000 units.

The Jaguar Land Rover factory in Changshu will produce up to 130 000 vehicles per year (for the local market). Engines will also be produced on the site as of 2015. 
 

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Renault will launch the Duster pick-up in 2015
 

In South America, pickups represent nearly 75% of the LCV market, i.e. 900 000 vehicles in 2013, including more than 400 000 units in Brazil alone. The market is currently dominated by Fiat (see graph). The main manufacturing countries of this type of vehicle are the US (2 million pickups in 2013), Thailand (1.2 million units) and Mexico (700 000 units). Other regions, such as South America (500 000 units), Europe (40 000 units) and South Africa (40 000 units) produce pickups in smaller quantities.


Presented at the Sao Paulo Auto Show (Brazil) under the form of a concept car, the Renault Duster pickup will be produced at Curitiba, Brazil, in 2015 and will be marketed in all of South America. The pickup market is growing in all regions of the world, particularly in emerging countries where the demand is strong (4.5 million in 2013).


While in South America, Volkswagen produced the Saveiro and Amarok, Fiat-Chrysler the Strada, PSA the Hoggar, Renault currently doesn’t produce any pick-ups in this region. The Duster was chosen by Renault as a basis for the future pick-up, due to its average size, its great worldwide success (375 000 sales in 2013) and its low price. The Duster pickup will be sold in South America under the Renault brand, while it will use the Dacia badge in Europe, where it could be produced either in Morocco (Tangier) or Turkey (Bursa).

 

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The most produced car in France since 2012 is the Toyota Yaris
 

Automotive brands currently produced in France are Renault, Peugeot, Citroen, Toyota, Smart and at a smaller scale Fiat (Scudo), Mercedes (Citan), Opel (Movano) and Nissan (NV400).


If Renault and PSA are the primary producers in France, it is the Toyota Yaris which has become since 2012 to the most manufactured model in the country. This model from segment B produced in northern France and sold at nearly 200 000 units per year in Europe benefited from a refit late 2011, the enthusiasm for its hybrid version (30% of sales) and the beginning of its exports to the US, has made the Yaris a leader, but it also has this title due to factors inherent to French manufacturers themselves.


Firstly, the progressive transfer to countries in Eastern Europe of the Renault Clio and Peugeot 208, the best-selling cars in France. Then the decline of the Renault Scenic, a victim of the growing loss of interest for compact MPVs. Finally, the change of generation of a model with large sales volume is always followed by a transition period. In 2013, the Peugeot 308 went through a transition period with the launch phase of its new generation.


On the other hand, we can observe that the Citroen C3 resisted well, since this model has not (yet) been relocated and it benefited from a restyling in 2013. One can also observe the strong increase of the Peugeot 2008 a mini-SUV made in France (while its rival Renault Captur is produced in Spain).

 

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Fiat will replace the Bravo by a range of compact vehicles produced in Turkey
 

Fiat will eventually replace the Bravo (whose production has just stopped in Italy) by a new range of compact models (segment C) to be manufactured no longer in Italy but in Bursa, Turkey, in the plant of his partner Tofas.


According to the manufacturer, the new range launched in 2016 will include a five-door hatchback (successor to the Bravo). a 4-door sedan (which will succeed the Linea) and an estate (successor to the Stilo estate ended in 2008).


The 4-door sedan should be sold on the markets of Central and Eastern Europe and in Turkey, as 4-door compact models have little success Western European markets.


The range of compact Fiat models (whose name is still unknown) will be able to better compete with European leaders in this category, such as the Volkswagen Golf, Ford Focus, Opel Astra and Renault Megane.


The objectives of the manufacturer are extremely ambitious since its target is of 500 000 cars produced per year on the site of Bursa. Yet the plant operated only at a rate of at 230 000 units in 2014 (against 260 000 in 2013), mainly Linea models, Doblo models, Fiorino models and derivatives of Peugeot, Citroen and Opel. with a capacity of 400 000 units per year. The capacity ought to be increased if the success of these models is reached, which is unrealistic, given the failure of past attempts of Fiat (see graph below) and the competition from models already present and well established in segment C.

 

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PC production is more evenly distributed in China than in Europe
 
In 2013, China produced 17.9 million PC and the European Union 14.3 million PC. The comparison between the distribution of automotive production (PC) by "state" in China and Europe is interesting in more ways than one.

Of the 28 EU members. 18 states have produced PC, while in China out of the 33 administrative units at least 23 produced PC. However, the allocation of production volumes by "state" is clearly different.

Indeed, in China 8 provinces produce more than one million passenger cars in 2013 (see graph), while in Europe, only 4 countries produce over a one million cars in 2013.

Above all, the production of PC is better distributed in China than in Europe, since the most productive province of China (Chongqing) produced less than 2 million cars in 2013 (10% of the total Chinese production) while the largest European producer (Germany) manufactures 5.5 million cars (37% of total European production). In addition, the production of the first Chinese state is higher by about 25% than that of the fifth state (Jilin), while in Europe the German production is 82% higher than the fifth European state (the Czech Republic)! By comparison, France is at the level of the first Chinese provinces, while in Europe it is far behind Germany, since it produces four times fewer cars .

This difference in distribution of production reflects the history of the automobile production and policies of each state: In China, each administrative unit is in open competition, but the central government maintains consistency while in Europe, the states have made different and independent choices, some have maintained a high level of local production by promoting exports (Germany), while others have chosen to relocate in other European countries or locate production in target markets (France in particular).
 

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